Removing Residual Matter by Powder Engineering Boosts Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency
In a new study, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) have demonstrated that creating one of the raw materials necessary for perovskites – a relatively new-to-science material – in a different way could be key to the success of these cells.
The findings have been published in the journal Nano Energy under the paper titled ‘Removal of residual compositions by powder engineering for high-efficiency formamidinium-based perovskite solar cells with operation lifetime over 2000 hours.’ The work was supported by the OIST Technology Development and Innovation Center’s Proof-of-Concept Program.
Led by Professor Yabing Qi, researchers attached to OIST’s Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit synthesized the crystalline powder in perovskites called FAPbI3 using a more precise powder engineering method.
“The crystalline powder in perovskites – FAPbI3 – forms the perovskite’s absorber layer,” explained one of the lead authors, Dr. Guoqing Tong, a postdoctoral scholar in the Unit. “Previously, this layer was fabricated by combining two materials – PbI2 and FAI. The reaction that takes place produces FAPbI3. But this method is far from perfect. There are often leftovers of one or both of the original materials, which can impede the efficiency of the solar cell,” Tong explained.
https://mercomindia.com/removing-residual-matter-powder-engineering/
Advice On How To Repair Your Roof
When it comes to roofing, most homeowners aren't aware of the steps they need to take in order to maintain it properly. This is unfortunate because poor maintenance can lead to some serious problems down the road. Read on and learn what you need to do in order to care for your roof.
Whenever you have to climb up onto your roof to work, wear rubber boots. Even on a dry day, you need a proper grip. Roof repairs will typically place you in harms way several times during the duration of their repairs, so be careful and think twice.
Fix any and all leaks on the first try. If you detect the problematic area, don't stop there. It's easier to find and take care of all current and potential leaks at once, rather than have to repeat the repairs a few months down the road.
Make sure that you hire a roofing contractor who has a locatable, permanent business residence. If you hire a roofing contractor who does not have a permanent place of business, you risk being scammed. Furthermore, if the roofing contractor you hire does a good job, it can be helpful to have said contractor's permanent contact details on hand in case you have any more problems with your roof in the future.
Make sure that you hire a roofing contractor who has a locatable, permanent business residence. If you hire a roofing contractor who does not have a permanent place of business, you risk being scammed. Furthermore, if the roofing contractor you hire does a good job, it can be helpful to have said contractor's permanent contact details on hand in case you have any more problems with your roof in the future.
If you're looking into getting insurance on your roof, make sure replacement is covered along with repairs. You don't want to be stuck paying for a new roof out of pocket. Repair coverage is a great thing to have, but you also want to be covered for the worst case scenario.
Saving a little time and money in the short-term will set you up for more costly repairs in the future. You may think you are saving money, but in the long run you could end up spending a lot more due to major damage. As a general rule, you should strive to tackle any problem as soon as possible so as to avoid further damage later on.
A very beautiful and unique look for your roof can be created with slate roofing. This type of roof is nearly indestructible, and will last as long as your house. You will need a substantial support system for slate roofing because it is quite heavy. Slate roofs can be found intact on European buildings that are hundreds of years old.
If you choose a contractor that has workers for him/ her, this could website end up being a cheaper option than a contractor that works alone. A team can work quicker and the price may be more affordable, too. Be sure that if you have someone do it alone, they are not charging you too much for labor.
Roofing is only one piece of your home, but it can be one of the most important aspects of caring for your house. The tips in this article should have given you some ideas on where to start, but you must tailor it to your needs. Think of these tips when considering roofing materials.
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